Systems and methods for asset tracking using an ad-hoc mesh network of mobile devices

ABSTRACT

An asset includes a short range transmitter that broadcasts a first signal that includes a unique identifier associated with the asset. Each asset is carried by one of number of mobile devices, and each asset is freely exchangeable between any of the number of mobile devices. Each of at least some of the mobile devices carries a receiver to receive the first signals within reception range of the receiver. Each of at least some of the mobile devices aggregates the received unique identifiers. Each of at least some of the mobile devices carries a transmitter that transmits a second signal that includes data representative of a geolocation of the respective mobile device and data indicative of the unique identifiers received by the respective mobile device to a back-end system. The back-end system uses the data included in the received second signals to track and locate assets within a geographic area.

BACKGROUND

Technical Field

The present disclosure generally relates to the tracking of assets usinga dynamic, ah-hoc mesh network.

Description of the Related Art

Assets take many forms. In a typical asset tracking system, identifierscarried by each asset to be tracked are periodically or continuouslyread using a fixed infrastructure, for example using terrestrial basedcommunication networks (e.g., cellular communication networks) ornon-terrestrial based communication networks (e.g., satellites).Terrestrial networks are often limited in geographic extent and aresometimes unable to track assets that may be disposed in remotelocations or other areas where the terrestrial network has inadequate orincomplete coverage. Expanding terrestrial networks is often timeconsuming and expensive due to the myriad of federal, state, and localregulations covering the installation of network components such ascellular towers. Non-terrestrial networks offer broader coverage, butrequire significantly greater coverage is possible, however costs forboth infrastructure and bandwidth are significantly greater than forterrestrial networks.

BRIEF SUMMARY

An environmentally-friendly transportation infrastructure can include anumber of vehicle technologies including electric (e.g., batterypowered) and hybrid-electric (e.g., gasoline-electric hybrids) vehicles.While the environmental benefits of electric vehicles outweigh those ofhybrids, widespread acceptance of electrically powered or batterypowered vehicles has been hindered by the perceived difficulty incharging the secondary storage devices that power such vehicles.Exchanging of depleted or discharged electric energy storage devices forcharged electric energy storage devices—such portable electric energystorage devices permit rapid exchange and minimize the vehiculardowntime. However, by nature of their portability, such portableelectric energy storage devices are susceptible to misplacement,misappropriation, or theft.

The provision of portable electric energy storage devices for use inelectrically powered vehicles may take the form of a service provided byeither the vehicle manufacturer or a separate entity using charging anddistribution stations dispersed about a geographic area. One such modelenvisions the provision of portable electric energy storage devices tocustomers as a service where customers are able to select plansaccording to their driving habits and needs. In such instances, making alarge number of portable electric energy storage devices available tocustomers in a public environment increases the need for locating lostor stolen portable electric energy storage devices.

Providing a tracking system capable of locating lost or stolen portableelectric energy storage devices can reduce the incidence of theft andassist in locating lost or wayward portable electric energy storagedevices. With substantial numbers of customers, each using anelectrically powered mobile device (i.e., a vehicle such as a scooter)it is possible to establish an ad-hoc mesh network in which portableelectric energy storage devices broadcast a signal containing a uniqueidentifier. Each of the electrically powered vehicles receives signalsbroadcast by nearby portable electric energy storage devices. Each ofthe electrically powered vehicles can aggregate the signals receivedfrom nearby portable electric energy storage devices and transmit theaggregated signals (each of which contains a unique ID corresponding toa single portable electric energy storage device) along with dataindicative of the geolocation of the electrically powered vehicle to oneor more back-end systems. If multiple electrically powered vehiclestransmit the same portable electric energy storage device identifier,the one or more back end systems can use the geolocation data totriangulate a more precise location of a particular portable electricenergy storage device. Such systems and methods also permit the portableelectric energy storage device supplier to locate a particular portableelectric energy storage device.

Each portable electric energy storage device is equipped with atransponder. Such transponders may take the form of passive devices,active devices, or combinations thereof. Where passive transponders areused, some or all of the electrically powered vehicles may carry aninterrogator or similar device that causes nearby passive transpondersto broadcast data indicative of the unique identifier assigned to theportable electric energy storage device. Where active transponders areused, some or all of the electrically powered vehicles may carry areceiver tuned to the transmission frequency of the active transponders.Such active transponders may be powered using a dedicated power cell orusing a small quantity of energy provided by the portable electricenergy storage device itself.

An asset tracking system may be summarized as including: a plurality ofassets to be tracked, each of the assets having a unique identifierassociated therewith and an active transmitter that broadcasts a firstsignal including data representative of the respective unique identifierassigned to the respective asset; a plurality of mobile devices, each ofthe mobile devices capable of carrying at least one of the plurality ofassets; wherein each of the plurality of assets is freely exchangeablebetween at least two of the plurality of mobile devices; wherein each ofat least a number of the plurality of mobile devices includes a receiverto receive and an aggregator to aggregate a number of first signalsbroadcast by each of a respective number of assets; and wherein each ofthe number of the plurality of mobile devices transmits a respectivesecond signal that includes data representative of a geolocation of therespective mobile device and data representative of the aggregatednumber of first signals received by the respective mobile device fromeach of the respective number of assets.

The asset tracking system may further include: a back-end systemincluding at least one communications interface to receive the secondsignal broadcast by each of the number of the plurality of mobiledevices; at least one processor communicably coupled to the at least onecommunications interface; and a nontransitory storage media communicablycoupled to the at least one processor, the nontransitory storage mediaincluding instructions that, when executed by the at least oneprocessor, cause the at least one processor to: determine a location ofeach of at least some of the plurality of assets using a number ofsecond signals, each transmitted by a respective one of the number ofmobile devices, the location of each of at least some of the pluralityof assets determined based at least in part on data representative ofthe geolocation information and the data representative of theaggregated number of first signals in each of the number of receivedsecond signals. The instructions may further cause the at least oneprocessor to: receive, via an input device communicably coupled to theback end system, a unique identifier associated with a particular asset;communicate a signal that polls a number of mobile devices, causing eachof the number of mobile devices to broadcast a second signal thatincludes data representative of the geolocation of the respective mobiledevice and data representative of the aggregated number of first signalsreceived by the respective mobile device from each of the respectivenumber of assets; and determine a geographic area in which theparticular asset is physically present. The instructions may furthercause the at least one processor to: receive, via an input devicecommunicably coupled to the back end system, a unique identifierassociated with a particular asset; and determine a location of theparticular asset using the number of received second signals and basedat least in part on data representative of the geolocation informationand the data representative of the aggregated number of first signals ineach of the number of received second signals. Each of the plurality ofassets may include a portable electrical energy storage device. Theplurality of mobile devices may include a plurality of electricallydriven vehicles using at least one portable electrical energy storagedevice to provide energy to at least one electric motor. Each of thenumber of the plurality of mobile devices may aggregate, fromtime-to-time, the number of first signals broadcast by each of therespective number of assets; and wherein each of the plurality of mobiledevices may transmit a respective second signal that includes datarepresentative of a geolocation of the respective mobile device and datarepresentative of the aggregated number of first signals received by therespective mobile device from each of the respective number of assetsonly when a new first signal is detected by the at least one controller.Each of the number of the plurality of mobile devices may aggregate,from time-to-time, the number of first signals broadcast by each of therespective number of assets; and wherein each of the plurality of mobiledevices may transmit a respective second signal that includes datarepresentative of a geolocation of the respective mobile device and datarepresentative of the aggregated number of first signals received by therespective mobile device from each of the respective number of assetsonly when a loss of an existing first signal is detected by the at leastone controller.

An asset tracking method may be summarized as including: receiving anumber of first signals at each of a number of receivers physicallycoupled to a respective number of mobile devices, each of the firstsignals broadcast by a respective one of a plurality of activetransmitters that are physically coupled to a respective one of aplurality of assets, each of the first signals including datarepresentative a unique asset identifier; aggregating each of the uniqueasset identifiers included in each of the received number of firstsignals by at least one controller physically coupled to each of thenumber of mobile devices and communicably coupled to each of the numberof receivers; transmitting a second signal by each of the number ofmobile devices, each of the second signals including data representativeof a geolocation of the respective mobile device and data indicative ofthe aggregated unique asset identifiers received as a first signal bythe mobile device.

The asset tracking method may further include: receiving at a back endsystem, the number of second signals; and determining by the back endsystem a geographic area in which each of the plurality of assets islocated using the data representative of the geolocation of each of thenumber of mobile devices included in each of the number of receivedsecond signals and the data representative of the aggregated uniqueasset identifiers received by each of the number of mobile devices ineach of the number of received second signals. Broadcasting a secondsignal by each of the number of mobile devices may include: transmittinga second signal by each of the number of mobile devices only when a newfirst signal is detected by the at least one controller physicallycoupled to the respective mobile device. Broadcasting a second signal byeach of the number of mobile devices may include: transmitting a secondsignal by each of the number of mobile devices only when a loss of afirst signal is detected by the at least one controller physicallycoupled to the respective mobile device. The asset tracking method mayfurther include: receiving, via an input device communicably coupled tothe back end system, data representative of a unique identifierassociated with a particular asset; transmitting a signal, by the backend system, that polls a number of mobile devices, causing each of thenumber of mobile devices to broadcast a second signal that includes datarepresentative of the geolocation of the respective mobile device anddata representative of the aggregated number of first signals receivedby the respective mobile device from each of the respective number ofassets; and determining, by the back end system, a geographic area inwhich the particular asset is physically present. The asset trackingmethod may further include: receiving, via an input device communicablycoupled to the back end system, data representative of a uniqueidentifier associated with a particular asset; and determining, by theback end system, a location of the particular asset using the number ofreceived second signals and based at least in part on datarepresentative of the geolocation information and the datarepresentative of the aggregated number of first signals in each of thenumber of received second signals.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

In the drawings, identical reference numbers identify similar elementsor acts. The sizes and relative positions of elements in the drawingsare not necessarily drawn to scale. For example, the shapes of variouselements and angles are not drawn to scale, and some of these elementsare arbitrarily enlarged and positioned to improve drawing legibility.Further, the particular shapes of the elements as drawn, are notintended to convey any information regarding the actual shape of theparticular elements, and have been solely selected for ease ofrecognition in the drawings.

FIG. 1A is a block diagram of an example mobile device that carries twoassets and is equipped with a geolocation device, a receiver, and atransmitter, according to an illustrated embodiment.

FIG. 1B is a schematic network diagram showing an example asset trackingsystem that uses an ad-hoc mesh network of mobile devices such as thoseshown in FIG. 1A to report geolocation data and identification dataunique to nearby assets, according to one illustrated embodiment.

FIG. 1C is a table that shows example content of a number of secondsignals used in an asset tracking system, each of the number of secondsignals transmitted by a respective number of mobile devices to aback-end system, according to an illustrated embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram view showing an asset tracking system thatuses an ad-hoc mesh network of mobile devices to report data unique tonearby assets, according to one non-limiting illustrated embodiment.

FIG. 3A is a schematic showing an asset tracking system in which only asingle mobile device is available to track assets in an area, accordingto an illustrated embodiment.

FIG. 3B is a schematic showing an asset tracking system in which twomobile devices are available to track assets in an area, according to anillustrated embodiment.

FIG. 3C is a schematic showing an asset tracking system in which fourmobile devices are available to track assets in an area, according to anillustrated embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a high level flow diagram of an illustrative asset trackingmethod that uses an ad-hoc mesh network of mobile devices to report dataunique to nearby assets, according to an illustrated embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a high level flow diagram of an illustrative asset trackingmethod that uses a back end system to receive signals from ad-hoc meshnetwork of mobile devices that report data unique to nearby assets,according to an illustrated embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a high level flow diagram of an illustrative asset trackingmethod that uses a back end system to assist in locating assetsdispersed throughout a geographic area, according to an illustratedembodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the following description, certain specific details are set forth inorder to provide a thorough understanding of various disclosedembodiments. However, one skilled in the relevant art will recognizethat embodiments may be practiced without one or more of these specificdetails, or with other methods, components, materials, etc. In otherinstances, well-known structures associated with portable electricenergy storage device distribution; communications technologies and/orprotocols; energy storage devices such as batteries, supercapacitors orultracapacitors; power converters including but not limited totransformers, rectifiers, DC/DC power converters, switch mode powerconverters; design and structure of vehicle components; wirelesscommunications protocols; controllers, and communications systems andstructures and networks have not been shown or described in detail toavoid unnecessarily obscuring descriptions of the embodiments.

As used herein, “portable electric energy storage device” or a referenceto one or more “portable electric energy storage devices” can refer toany type of current or future developed secondary electrical energystorage device, such as lithium ion, nickel/cadmium, lead/acid,nickel/metal hydride, supercapacitors, ultracapacitors, and the like.

As used herein “short range transponder” refers to any device capable ofbroadcasting a signal that contains, includes, and/or carries data. Suchshort range transponders can be passive devices that require thedelivery of activating energy from an external device to transmit asignal containing, including, or carrying unique identification data(e.g., a passive radio frequency ID or “RFID” transponder requiringactivation energy supplied by an external RF source). Such short rangetransponders can include active devices that use a power supply such asa battery to broadcast a signal containing, including, or carryingunique identification data (e.g., an active RFID transponder coupled toa stored energy device such as a battery). A short range transponder canuse any current or future developed communication technology including,but not limited to, RFID, near-field communications (NFC), BLUETOOTH®,and the like.

Unless the context requires otherwise, throughout the specification andclaims which follow, the word “comprise” and variations thereof, suchas, “comprises” and “comprising” are to be construed in an open,inclusive sense that is as “including, but not limited to.”

Reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment” or “anembodiment” means that a particular feature, structure or characteristicdescribed in connection with the embodiment is included in at least oneembodiment. Thus, the appearances of the phrases “in one embodiment” or“in an embodiment” in various places throughout this specification arenot necessarily all referring to the same embodiment.

The use of ordinals such as first, second and third does not necessarilyimply a ranked sense of order, but rather may only distinguish betweenmultiple instances of an act or structure.

The headings and Abstract of the Disclosure provided herein are forconvenience only and do not interpret the scope or meaning of theembodiments.

FIG. 1A shows an illustrative mobile device 102 positioned atgeolocation 104 and carrying two assets 106 a and 106 b, each of whichincludes a respective short range transponder 105 a and 105 b, accordingto an embodiment. The mobile devices 102 include, but are not limited tomotor-driven vehicles powered in whole or in part using one or moreportable electric energy storage devices. Non-limiting examples caninclude electrically powered bicycles, electrically powered motorcycles,electrically powered scooters, and electrically powered automobiles andtrucks. In some implementations, each mobile device 102 carries at leastone asset 106, for example one or more electrically powered scooters 102(i.e., mobile devices) carries one or more portable electric energystorage devices 106 (i.e., assets) that provide energy to a prime moverthat provides a shaft output to drive the electrically powered scooter.

In some implementations, at least some of the assets 106 may be owned bya first entity (e.g., portable energy storage devices owned by a rentalor leasing company) and at least some of the mobile devices 102 may beowned by a second entity that is different from the first entity (e.g.,an electrically powered vehicle that is owned by a different leasing orrental company or owned directly by the consumer/operator of theelectrically powered vehicle).

In general, the number of assets 106 will exceed, at times by a largemargin, the number of mobile devices 102 such that, at any given time,not every asset 106 is operably coupled to a mobile device 102. Forexample, if the asset 106 is represented by a portable energy storagedevice 106 and the mobile device is represented by an electricallypowered vehicle 102, a sufficient number of charged portable energystorage devices 106 should be available to provide at least a portion ofthe population of electrically powered vehicles 102 a replacementportable energy storage device 106 upon return of a number of dischargedportable energy storage devices 106. In such instances, the value of themobile devices 102 carrying the assets 106 may exceed the value of theassets 106.

At times, the population density of portable energy storage devices 106(e.g., number of portable energy storage devices 106 per a defined unitarea) can be greater than the population density of electrically poweredvehicles 102 (e.g., number of electrically powered vehicles 102 perdefined unit area). At other times, the population density ofelectrically powered vehicles 102 can be greater than the populationdensity of portable energy storage devices 106. The population densityof assets 106 (e.g., portable energy storage devices 106) may be 1 ormore per 1000 square meters (m²); 5 or more per 1000 m²; 5 or more per1000 m²; 10 or more per 1000 m²; 50 or more per 1000 m²; 100 or more per1000 m²; 500 or more per 1000 m²; or 1000 or more per 1000 m². Thepopulation density of mobile devices 102 (e.g., electrically poweredvehicles 102) may be 1 or more per 1000 square meters (m²); 5 or moreper 1000 m²; 5 or more per 1000 m²; 10 or more per 1000 m²; 25 or moreper 1000 m²; 50 or more per 1000 m²; 100 or more per 250 m²; or 500 ormore per 1000 m².

Each mobile device 102 is positioned at a geolocation 104 that can bedetermined using any current or future developed geolocation technology.For example, some or all of the mobile devices 102 can include a globalpositioning system (“GPS”) receiver capable of providing data indicativeof the geolocation 104 the respective mobile device 102. At times, suchgeolocation data 104 can be directly communicated from the on-boardgeolocation device to the transmitter 110. At other times, thegeolocation data 104 can be indirectly communicated from the on-boardgeolocation device to the transmitter 110, for example via one or morevehicular buses to one or more vehicular controllers that arecommunicably coupled to the transmitter 110.

The mobile device 102 carries two assets 106 a and 106 b (collectively“assets 106”). Each of the assets 106 can include one or more componentsthat are freely exchangeable (i.e., can be used interchangeably) betweensome or all of a population of mobile devices 102. For example, eachasset 106 might include a portable energy storage device, such as asecondary battery (e.g., a lithium ion battery), that is freelyexchangeable between mobile devices 102 and can be used to power each ofat least a portion of a population of mobile devices 102, such as eachof at least a portion of the electrically powered scooters in apopulation of electrically powered scooters or other similarelectrically powered vehicles.

Each of the assets 106 carries a respective short range transponder 105a and 105 b (collectively “short range transponders 105”). The shortrange transponders either autonomously or upon interrogation generate arespective first signal 107 a and 107 b (collectively, “first signals107”). Each of the first signals 107 includes data indicative of aunique identifier assigned to the particular asset 106 carrying therespective short range transponder 105. At other times, the first signal107 generated by some or all of the short range transponders 105 mayinclude additional information such as asset specific information. Forexample, where the assets 106 include secondary portable energy storagedevice (i.e., rechargeable batteries), the first signal 107 may includecharge information such as charge level, charge cycles, average rate ofcharge, average rate of discharge, and the like.

Although the short range transponders 105 are discussed herein in thecontext of a Near Field Communication or RFID device, it should beunderstood that the short range transponder 105 carried by some or allof the assets 106 can be replaced by a long range communication devicesuch as a CDMA, GSM, 3G, 4G, or LTE cellular communication device. Insuch instances, the long range device may wiredly or wirelesslycommunicably couple to one or more devices carried by the asset 102 andmay receive signals including operational data related to one or morefunctions performed by the mobile device 102. In such instances, thefunctionality of the long range device may replace some or all of thefunctionality of the receiver 109 and/or the transmitter 110. Given therelatively larger population of assets 106 in comparison to therelatively smaller population of mobile devices 102, it is financiallyadvantageous that the short range transponder 105 coupled to the assetis inexpensive. For example, the short range transponder 105 may be arelatively inexpensive NFC or RFID transponder rather than a relativelyexpensive cellular transponder. For example, the asset 106 may berepresented by a portable energy storage device 106 owned by a firstentity and the mobile device 102 may be represented by an electricallypowered vehicle 102, such as a scooter, owned by a second entity thatmay be different from the first owner. The portable energy storage 106device may carry a cellular transceiver chip that is communicablycoupled to a vehicle controller in the electrically powered vehicle 102.The vehicle controller 102 or one or more other vehicular systems, forexample a geolocation system, may communicate operational, performance,or location data to the cellular chip carried by the portable energystorage device 106 for transmission to one or more remote devices suchas a back end system operated by the first owner. The second owner mayor may not be aware of the data transmission by the cellular chip andmay or may not be aware of the content of the data transmission by thecellular chip.

In some implementations, the short range transponder 105 carried by theasset 106 can include a passive transponder 105 that receives energyfrom an external source, for example an interrogation signal. In otherimplementations, the short range transponder 105 carried by the asset106 is an active transponder 105 that is either self-powered or receivespower from the asset 106. The short range transponder 105 cancommunicate using one or more standard or proprietary communicationsprotocols. In some implementations, the short range transponder 105 caninclude one more devices powered via an external power supply such as asolar cell, wind turbine or other renewable energy source.

The short range transponder 105 is physically coupled to the asset 106in a manner that deters removal of the short range transponder 105 fromthe asset 106. In some instances, the short range transponder 105 isdisposed inside an external case holding the asset 106. For example, theshort range transponder 105 may be disposed inside the case of an asset106 such as a lithium ion battery.

At least some of the mobile devices 102 carry a receiver 109 thatreceives first signals 107 generated by the short range transponder 105in each of the assets 106 carried by the respective mobile device 102.In some implementations, the mobile device 102 (e.g., an electricallypowered vehicle such as a scooter) carrying the receiver 109 and thetransmitter 110 can be of considerably greater value than the asset 106(e.g., a portable electric energy storage device such as a lithium ionbattery or pack of lithium ion batteries 106 used to power the scooter102). The receiver 109 also receives first signals 107 generated by theshort range transponders 105 in assets 106 located within the detectionrange 112 of the receiver 109. For example, the receivers 109 carried bysome or all of the mobile devices 102 may receive first signals 107generated by short range transponders 105 within a range or radius ofabout 1 meter or less; about 5 meters or less; about 10 meters or less;about 25 meters or less; about 50 meters or less; about 100 meters orless, or 100 meters or more from the mobile device 102 carrying therespective receiver 109. Although described in the context of ranges ofless than 100 meters, and while such shorter ranges may offer benefitsin the form of power consumption, such should not be considered limitedto shorter distances.

Each of at least some of the mobile devices 102 carries a transmitter110 that generates a second signal 108 that is communicated to one ormore back-end systems 130 via the one or more networks 120. Suchtransmitters 110 may include radio frequency (RF) transmitters, such asone or more terrestrial communication transmitters including one or morecellular telephone (GSM, CDMA, etc.) transmitters. Communication betweenthe transmitter 110 and the one or more back-end systems 130 can beunidirectional or bidirectional. At times, the receiver 109 carried by amobile device 102 may be directly or indirectly, wiredly (e.g., via oneor more vehicle busses such as a controller area network bus or “CANbus”) or wirelessly communicably coupled to the transmitter 110. In oneimplementation, the receiver 109 may be indirectly communicably coupledto the transmitter 110, for example via one or more CAN buses to one ormore vehicle controllers. In another implementation, the receiver 109may be a portion of the transmitter 110 (i.e., a transceiver).

The second signal 108 provided by the transmitter 110 includes dataindicative of the geolocation 104 of the mobile device 102 carrying thetransmitter 110 generating the second signal 108. The second signal 108also includes data indicative of the unique identifier contained in eachfirst signal 107 currently being received by the receiver 109. As such,the second signal 108 provides the back end system with data indicativeof the geolocation of the mobile device 102 carrying the transmitter 110generating the respective second signal 108 and data indicative of everyasset 106 that broadcast the first signal and is located within thedetection range of the receiver 109 carried by the mobile device 102.

The second signal 108 can be generated and transmitted by eachtransmitter 110 continuously, intermittently at irregular intervals,periodically, or from time-to-time. For example, the second signal 108can be generated and transmitted by each transmitter 110 at periodicintervals of about 15 seconds, 30 seconds, 1 minute, 3 minutes, 5minutes, or 10 minutes. At times, the second signal 108 can be generatedand transmitted by each transmitter 110 on an event driven basis, forexample when a particular asset 106 enters or leaves the detection range112 of the receiver 109 carried by the respective mobile device 102. Thetransmitter 110 can transmit the second signal 108 in encrypted orunencrypted format. Further, the data included in the second signal 108generated and transmitted by transmitter 110 is not limited to onlygeolocation and unique identifier data and can, at times, includeadditional information, such as received signal strength of some or allfirst signals 107 received at the receiver 109 carried by respectivemobile device 102.

The second signals 108 are communicated to the one or more back-endsystems 130 via one or more networks 120. In some instances, thetransmitter 110 can aggregate a number of received first signals 107prior to transmitting the second signal 108 to the one or more back-endsystems 130. In other instances, the transmitter 110 can transmit asecond signal 108 containing the geolocation of the respective mobiledevice 105 and the unique identifier from a received first signal 107upon initial receipt (or loss) of the first signal 107. For example, thetransmitter 110 can generate and transmit a second signal 108 every timea first signal 107 containing a new unique identifier is received at (orlost by) the receiver 109 carried by the respective mobile device 102.

Advantageously, an ad-hoc mesh network is formed when the detectionranges of the receivers 109 carried a plurality of mobile devices 102overlap. In such instances, the unique identifiers associated withassets 106 located in regions of detection range overlap will appear intwo or more RF signals 108 received by the back-end system 130. Byanalyzing the RF signals 108 received from each mobile device 102, theone or more back-end systems 130 are able to ascertain the geolocationof each asset 106. Such beneficially provides the back-end system userwith the capability to track the movement of assets 106 within an areaand also provides the ability to locate lost or misappropriated assets106 in an area even if the assets 106 have been removed from a mobiledevice 102.

FIG. 1B shows an asset tracking system 100 that uses an ad-hoc meshnetwork of mobile devices 102 a-102 d (collectively “mobile devices102”) to report data unique to nearby assets 106 a-106 d (collectively“assets 106”) that can, but does not necessarily, include portableelectric energy storage devices used to power the respective mobiledevices 102, according to one illustrated embodiment. Each mobile device102 a-102 d is positioned at a different, respective, geolocation 104a-104 d (collectively “geolocations 104”). As depicted in FIG. 1B,transmitter 110 a will generate and transmit a second signal 108 a thatincludes data indicative of the geolocation 104 a of mobile device 102 aalong with data indicative of the unique identifiers contained in firstsignals 107 received by receiver 109 a from each of the short rangetransponders 105 a, 105 b ₁, and 105 b ₂ coupled to assets 106 a(carried by the mobile device 102 a carrying transmitter 110 a), 106 b ₁and 106 b ₂. Similarly, transmitter 110 c will generate and transmit asecond signal 108 c that includes data indicative of the geolocation 104c of mobile device 102 c along with data indicative of the uniqueidentifiers contained in first signals 107 received by receiver 109 cfrom each of the short range transponders 105 a, 105 b ₁, 105 b ₂, 105c, 105 d ₁, and 105 d ₂ coupled to assets 106 a, 106 b ₁, 106 b ₂, 106c, 106 d ₁, and 106 d ₂, respectively. Likewise, transmitter 110 d willgenerate and transmit a second signal 108 d that includes dataindicative of the geolocation 104 d of mobile device 102 d along withdata indicative of the unique identifiers contained in first signals 107received by receiver 109 d from each of short range transponders 105 c,105 d ₁, and 105 d ₂ coupled to assets 106 c, 106 d ₁, and 106 d ₂,respectively.

The content of the second signals 108 transmitted by each transmitter110 will vary with time as other short range transponders 105 and/ormobile devices 102 enter and leave the range of the receiver 109 carriedby the respective mobile device 102. Advantageously, since the mobiledevices 102 themselves move between geographic locations, static assets106 (i.e., assets 106 that are not carried by other mobile devices 102)can be detected. Such an ad-hoc mesh network provides the capability ofdetecting and locating assets 106 that are both carried by other mobiledevices 102 and assets 106 that have been removed from a mobile device102.

FIG. 1C is a table showing example data content of second signals 108generated and transmitted by the transmitters 110 carried by each of themobile devices 102 depicted in FIG. 1B, according to an embodiment.

Transmitter 110 a generates and transmits a second signal 108 a thatincludes data representative of the geolocation 104 a of mobile device102 a plus data indicative of the unique identifiers contained in firstsignals 107 received by receiver 109 a and associated with assets 106 a,106 b ₁, and 106 b ₂. Transmitter 110 c generates and transmits a secondsignal 108 c that includes data representative of the geolocation 104 cof mobile device 102 c plus data indicative of the unique identifierscontained in first signals 107 received by receiver 109 c and associatedwith assets 106 a, 106 b ₁, 106 b ₂, 106 c, 106 d ₁, and 106 d ₂.Transmitter 110 d generates and transmits a second signal 108 d thatincludes data representative of the geolocation 104 d of mobile device102 d plus data indicative of the unique identifiers contained in firstsignals 107 received by receiver 109 d and associated with assets 106 c,106 d ₁, and 106 d ₂.

Since some unique identifiers appear in more than one second signal 108,the back-end system can narrow the geolocation of the particular assetto an intersection of the receiver detection ranges 112 of therespective mobile devices 102 reporting the same unique identifier. Forexample, unique identifiers associated with assets 106 d ₁ and 106 d ₂appear in both second signal 108 c generated and transmitted bytransmitter 110 c carried by mobile device 102 c and second signal 108 dgenerated and transmitted by transmitter 110 d carried by mobile device102 d. Additionally, the back-end system 130 may be able to furtherrefine the location of some or all of the assets 106 based on reportedsignal strength of the received first signal 107 at each of the mobiledevices 102.

The one or more networks 120 can include any number or combination oflocal area networks, wide area networks, public networks, privatenetworks, or world-wide networks such as the Internet. The one or morenetworks 120 can include one or more current or future developedcellular networks (e.g., GSM, CDMA, 3G, 4G, LTE) or one or moresatellite communications networks.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram view showing an example asset trackingsystem 200 that uses an ad-hoc mesh network of mobile devices 102 toreport data unique to nearby assets 106, according to one non-limitingillustrated embodiment. The system 200 includes a first mobile device102 a that includes a single asset 106, but is not equipped with areceiver 109 or transmitter 110; a second mobile device 102 b thatincludes a single asset 106 b and is equipped with a receiver 109 b anda transmitter 110 b; an asset 106 c that is not coupled to a mobiledevice 102; and a third mobile device 102 d that includes two assets 106d ₁ and 106 d ₂, and is equipped with a receiver and a transmitter 110.All of the assets 106 depicted in FIG. 2 fall within the respectivedetection range of receivers 109 b and 109 d. Consequently, thereceivers 109 receive first signals 107 generated by each short rangetransponder 105 a, 105 b, 105 c, 105 d ₁, and 105 d ₂. The transmitters110 b and 110 d transmit second signals 108 b, 108 d, respectively, tothe one or more back end systems 130 via the one or more networks 120.

As depicted in FIG. 2, receiver 109 b receives first signals 107 a, 107b,107 c, 107 d ₁, and 107 d ₂ from each of the short range transponders105 a, 105 b, 105 c, 105 d ₁, and 105 d ₂, respectively. Similarly,receiver 109 d receives first signals 107 a, 107 b, 107 c, 107 d ₁, and107 d ₂ from each of the short range transponders 105 a, 105 b, 105 c,105 d ₁, and 105 d ₂, respectively. In addition to receiving dataindicative of the unique identifier included in each of first signals107 a, 107 b, 107 c, 107 d ₁, and 107 d ₂, some or all of the receivers109 may collect additional information including intrinsic signalproperties such as data indicative of received signal direction andreceived signal strength of the first signals 107.

In some implementations, each of the receivers 109 b, 109 d iscommunicably coupled to an external controller 202 b, 202 d,respectively. Such controllers 202 may include one or more vehicularcontrol devices, for example a vehicular controller. In someimplementations, each of the receivers 109 and/or transmitters 110 caninclude an internal controller 202. The controller 202 aggregates thereceived unique identifiers and any other intrinsic signal data fromeach of the receiver first signals 107, receives geolocation data forthe mobile device 102 from one or more geolocation devices 204 b, 204 d,such as a GPS receiver, and combines the identification data, signalproperty data, and geolocation data for transmission as a second signal108 by the transmitter 110.

Each of the transmitters 110 b, 110 d generates and transmits arespective second signal 108 b, 108 d to the one or more back-endsystems 130. Each of the second signals 108 contains at least dataindicative of the unique identifiers associated with each asset 106received by the receiver 109 carried by the respective mobile device102, and data representative of the geolocation of the respective mobiledevice 102. The back-end system 130 uses the received data to at leastlocate particular assets 106 and also to analyze usage parameters foreach of at least some of the assets 106.

The back-end system 130 may take the form of a PC, server, or othercomputing system executing logic or other machine executableinstructions. The back-end system 130 includes one or more processors206, a system memory 208 and a system bus 210 that couples varioussystem components including the system memory 208 to the processor 206.The back-end system 130 will at times be referred to in the singularherein, but this is not intended to limit the embodiments to a singlesystem, since in certain embodiments, there will be more than oneback-end system 130 or other networked computing device involved.Non-limiting examples of commercially available systems include, but arenot limited to, an 80×86 or Pentium series microprocessor from IntelCorporation, U.S.A., a PowerPC microprocessor from IBM, a Sparcmicroprocessor from Sun Microsystems, Inc., a PA-RISC seriesmicroprocessor from Hewlett-Packard Company, or a 68xxx seriesmicroprocessor from Motorola Corporation.

Although not required, some portion of the embodiments will be describedin the general context of computer-executable instructions or logicand/or data, such as program application modules, objects, or macrosbeing executed by a computer. Those skilled in the relevant art willappreciate that the illustrated embodiments as well as other embodimentscan be practiced with other computer system or processor-based deviceconfigurations, including handheld devices, for instance Web enabledcellular phones or PDAs, multiprocessor systems, microprocessor-based orprogrammable consumer electronics, personal computers (“PCs”), networkPCs, minicomputers, mainframe computers, and the like. The embodimentscan be practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks ormodules are performed by remote processing devices, which are linkedthrough a communications network. In a distributed computingenvironment, program modules may be located in both local and remotememory storage devices.

The processor 206 may be any logic processing unit, such as one or morecentral processing units (CPU s), microprocessors, digital signalprocessors (DSPs), graphics processors (GPUs), application-specificintegrated circuits (ASICs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs),etc. Unless described otherwise, the construction and operation of thevarious blocks shown in FIG. 2 are of conventional design. As a result,such blocks need not be described in further detail herein, as they willbe understood by those skilled in the relevant art.

The system memory 208 includes read-only memory (“ROM”) 212 and randomaccess memory (“RAM”) 214. A basic input/output system (“BIOS”) 216,which may be incorporated into at least a portion of the ROM 212,contains basic routines that help transfer information between elementswithin the back-end system 130, such as during start-up. Someembodiments may employ separate buses for data, instructions and power.

The system bus 210 can employ any known bus structures or architectures.

The back-end system 130 also may include one or more drives 218 forreading from and writing to one or more nontransitory computer- orprocessor-readable media 220 (e.g., hard disk, magnetic disk, opticaldisk). The drive 218 may communicate with the processor 206 via thesystem bus 210. The drive 218 may include interfaces or controllers (notshown) coupled between such drives and the system bus 210, as is knownby those skilled in the art. The drives 218 and their associatednontransitory computer- or processor-readable media 220 providenonvolatile storage of computer-readable instructions, data structures,program modules and other data for the back-end system 130. Thoseskilled in the relevant art will appreciate that other types ofcomputer-readable media may be employed to store data accessible by aback-end system 130.

Program modules can be stored in the system memory 208, such as anoperating system 230, one or more application programs 232, otherprograms or modules 234, and program data 238. The applicationprogram(s) 232 may include asset location, management, and trackingfunctionality as described herein. For example, applications programs232 may include one or more programs to compare received portableelectric energy storage device (i.e., asset 106) identifiers with thegeolocations of each of the respective reporting mobile devices 102 todetermine an approximate location of each of the portable electricenergy storage devices (see FIG. 3).

The application program(s) 232 may include one or more asset locatingfunctions, for example a “be on the lookout for” or “BOLO” functionwhere a user enters a particular unique asset identifier into theback-end system 130. Such a BOLO function can, at times, communicate aparticular identifier to some or all of the mobile device controllers202 such that immediately upon receiving a first signal 108 thatincludes data indicative of the particular unique identifier, thegeolocation of the mobile device 102 is communicated to back-end system130. Such is particularly useful when the transmitter 110 generates andtransmits the second signal 108 on a periodic basis. Such beneficiallypermits system users to locate a particular asset 106 in the instance oftheft or misappropriation of the particular asset 106.

The application program(s) 232 may include one or more statisticalanalysis functions that provide insight on asset condition, asset usage,or other asset parameters. For example, where the assets 106 includeportable electric energy storage devices, the statistical analysisfunctions may include portable electric energy storage device chargecapacity, portable electric energy storage device charge cycles,portable electric energy storage device historical locations/usage, andsimilar functions that enable the user to accurately predict portableelectric energy storage device life cycle parameters.

The system memory 208 may include communications programs 240 thatpermit the back-end system 130 to access and exchange data with othernetworked systems or components, such as the transponders 110, themobile devices 102, and/or other computing devices.

While shown in FIG. 2 as being stored in the system memory 208, theoperating system 230, application programs 232, other programs/modules234, program data 238 and communications 240 can be stored on thenontransitory computer- or processor-readable media 220 or othernontransitory computer- or processor-readable media.

Users can enter commands (e.g., asset location requests, asset trackingrequests) and information (e.g., parameters) into the back-end system130 using one or more communicably coupled input devices 246 such as atouch screen or keyboard, a pointing device such as a mouse, and/or apush button. Other input devices can include a microphone, joystick,game pad, tablet, scanner, biometric scanning device, etc. These andother input devices may be connected to the processing unit 206 throughan interface such as a universal serial bus (“USB”) interface thatcouples to the system bus 210, although other interfaces such as aparallel port, a game port or a wireless interface or a serial port maybe used. One or more output devices 250, such as a monitor or otherdisplay device, may be coupled to the system bus 210 via a videointerface, such as a video adapter. In at least some instances, theinput devices 246 and the output devices 250 may be located proximatethe back-end system 130, for example when the system is installed at thesystem user's premises. In other instances, the input devices 246 andthe output devices 250 may be located remote from the back-end system130, for example when the back-end system is hosted on a remote serversystem.

In some implementations, the back-end system 130 uses one or more of thelogical connections to communicate with one or more mobile devices 102(e.g., electrically powered scooters), remote computers, servers and/orother devices via one or more communications channels, for example, theone or more networks 120. These logical connections may facilitate anyknown method of permitting computers to communicate, such as through oneor more LANs and/or WANs. Such networking environments are known inwired and wireless enterprise-wide computer networks, intranets,extranets, and the Internet.

In some implementations, a network port or interface 256,communicatively linked to the system bus 210, may be used forestablishing and maintaining communications over the communicationsnetwork 120.

The back-end system 130 may include an AC/DC power supply 260 that areeach electrically coupled to the power distribution system 102. TheAC/DC power supply 260 converts AC power from a power distributionsystem into DC power, which may be provided to power the variouscomponents of the back-end system 130.

In the back-end system 130, program modules, application programs, ordata, or portions thereof, can be stored in one or more computingsystems. Those skilled in the relevant art will recognize that thenetwork connections shown in FIG. 2 are only some examples of ways ofestablishing communications between computers, and other connections maybe used, including wireless. In some embodiments, program modules,application programs, or data, or portions thereof, can even be storedin other computer systems or other devices (not shown).

For convenience, the processor 206, system memory 208, network port 256and devices 246, 250 are illustrated as communicatively coupled to eachother via the system bus 210, thereby providing connectivity between theabove-described components. In alternative embodiments, theabove-described components may be communicatively coupled in a differentmanner than illustrated in FIG. 2. For example, one or more of theabove-described components may be directly coupled to other components,or may be coupled to each other, via intermediary components (notshown). In some embodiments, system bus 210 is omitted and thecomponents are coupled directly to each other using suitableconnections.

It should be appreciated that some or all of the mobile devices 102 mayinclude components similar to those components present in the back-endsystem 130, including the processor 206, power supply 260, power lineinterface 258, buses, nontransitory computer- or processor-readablemedia, wired or wireless communications interfaces, and one or moreinput and/or output devices.

At least some of the mobile devices 102 include geolocation systems 204such as one or more cellular triangulation and/or one or more satellitepositioning receivers such as a GPS receiver, Glonass, etc. In suchinstances, geolocation data may be at least temporarily locally storedonboard the mobile device 102 in nontransitory computer- orprocessor-readable media or memory.

Some or all of the mobile devices 102 may include one or more processorsand nontransitory computer- or processor-readable media or memory, forinstance one or more data stores that may include nonvolatile memoriessuch as read only memory (ROM) or FLASH memory and/or one or morevolatile memories such as random access memory (RAM).

Some or all of the mobile devices 102 include one or more receivers 109and transmitters 110, which may at times include one or more radios andassociated antennas. For example, the mobile devices 102 may include oneor more cellular receivers 109 and transmitters 110 for communicatingwith the back-end system 130 and one or more short-range receivers 109and transmitters 110, such as WIFI® transceivers or radios, BLUETOOTH®transceivers or radios, along with associated antennas for communicatingwith the short range transponders 105 carried by each asset 106.

Some or all of the mobile devices 102 may include a user input/outputsubsystem, for example including a touchscreen or touch sensitivecontrols and/or display device and one or more speakers.

Some or all of the components carried by the mobile device 102 may becommunicably coupled using at least one bus or similar structure adaptedto transferring, transporting, or conveying data between the devices,systems, or components. The bus can include one or more serialcommunications links or a parallel communications link such as an 8-bit,16-bit, 32-bit, or 64-bit data bus. In some embodiments, a redundant busmay be present to provide failover capability in the event of a failureor disruption of a primary bus.

The mobile devices 102 may include one or more controllers or processors202 (e.g., ARM Cortex-A8, ARM Cortex-A9, Snapdragon 600, Snapdragon 800,NVidia Tegra 4, NVidia Tegra 4i, Intel Atom Z2580, Samsung Exynos 5Octa, Apple A7, Motorola X8) adapted to execute one or more machineexecutable instruction sets, for example a conventional microprocessor,a reduced instruction set computer (RISC) based processor, anapplication specific integrated circuit (ASIC), digital signal processor(DSP), or similar. Within the one or more processor(s), a non-volatilememory may store all or a portion of a basic input/output system (BIOS),boot sequence, firmware, startup routine, and communications deviceoperating system (e.g., iOS®, Android®, Windows® Phone, Windows® 8,Linux, Unix, and similar) executed by the one or more controllers orprocessors 202 upon initial application of power. The one or morecontrollers or processors 202 may also execute one or more sets of logicor one or more machine executable instruction sets loaded from volatilememory subsequent to the initial application of power to the one or morecontrollers or processors 202. The one or more controllers or processors202 may also include a system clock, a calendar, or similar timemeasurement devices. One or more geolocation devices, for example aGlobal Positioning System (GPS) receiver 204 may be communicably coupledto the one or more controllers or processors 202 to provide additionalfunctionality such as geolocation data to the one or more controllers orprocessors 202.

The receivers 109 can include any device capable of receivingcommunications transmitted via electromagnetic energy. Non-limitingexamples of receivers 109 include a BLUETOOTH® receiver, a Near FieldCommunication (NFC) receiver, a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)receiver or interrogator, or any similar current or future developedreceiver having a defined reception range and providing the capabilityto receive first signals 107 generated by the short range transponders105 carried by assets 106. Non-limiting examples of WIFI® short-rangetransceivers/receivers 109 suitable for receiving first signals 107generated by the transponders 105 carried by each asset 106 includevarious chipsets available from Broadcom, including BCM43142, BCM4313,BCM94312MC, BCM4312, and chip sets available from Atmel, Marvell, orRedpine. Non-limiting examples of BLUETOOTH® short-rangetransceivers/receivers 109 suitable for receiving first signals 107generated by the transponders 105 carried by each asset 106 includevarious chipsets available from Nordic Semiconductor, Texas Instruments,Cambridge Silicon Radio, Broadcom, and EM Microelectronic.

The transmitters or radios 110 can include any device capable oftransmitting communications via electromagnetic energy. Non-limitingexamples of cellular communications transceivers 110 include a CDMAtransceiver, a GSM transceiver, a 3G transceiver, a 4G transceiver, anLTE transceiver, and any similar current or future developed computingdevice transceiver having at least one of a voice telephony capabilityor a data exchange capability. In at least some instances, thetransmitters 110 can include more than one interface. For example, insome instances, the transmitters 110 can include at least one dedicated,full- or half-duplex, voice call interface and at least one dedicateddata interface. In other instances, the transmitters 110 can include atleast one integrated interface capable of contemporaneouslyaccommodating both full- or half-duplex voice calls and data transfer.

FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 3C show various scenarios in which the assetmanagement and tracking system 100 can determine the location of assets106 carried by mobile devices 102 and assets 306 that are not carried bymobile devices 102, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 3A depicts a single mobile device 102 positioned at geolocation 104and carrying asset 106 (e.g., an electrically powered scooter 102, atgeolocation 104, carrying a single portable electric energy storagedevice 106). Asset 306 a carries transponder 305 a and is positionedwithin the detection range of receiver 109 carried by mobile device 102.Transponder 305 a generates a first signal 307 a that includes dataindicative of the unique identifier assigned to transponder 305 a.Additionally, transponder 105 carried by asset 106 generates a firstsignal 107 that is detected by receiver 109 carried by mobile device102. A controller or, optionally, the transmitter 110 aggregates thereceived data indicative of the unique identifiers associated withassets 106 and 306 a, combines the received identifier data with datarepresentative of the geolocation of asset 102. The transceiver 110 thentransmits a second signal 108 to the back-end system 130 that includesat least the data representative of the geolocation of mobile device 102and the data indicative of the received unique identifiers of assets 106and 306 a. The back end system 130 is able to determine the location ofasset 306 a falls within the geographic area 112 formed by the radius ofthe reception range of receiver 109.

FIG. 3B depicts two mobile devices 102 a and 102 b positioned atgeolocations 104 a and 104 b, respectively. Mobile device 102 a carriesasset 106 a and mobile device 102 b carries asset 106 b. The receptionrange 112 a of receiver 109 a carried by mobile device 102 a and thereception range 112 b of receiver 109 b carried by mobile device 102 boverlap in area 212. Asset 306 a is not carried by a mobile device 102and is located within the detection radius 112 a of receiver 109 a butnot within the detection radius 112 b of receiver 109 b. Asset 306 c isnot carried by a mobile device 102 and is located within the detectionradius 112 b of receiver 109 b but not within the detection radius 112 aof receiver 109 a. Asset 306 b is not carried by a mobile device 102 andis located within the detection radius 112 a of receiver 109 a andwithin the detection radius 112 b of receiver 109 b.

Receiver 109 a will receive first signals 107 a broadcast by the shortrange transponder 105 a carried by asset 106 a; 307 a broadcast by theshort range transponder 305 a carried by asset 306 a; and 307 bbroadcast by the short range transponder 305 b carried by asset 306 b.Transmitter 110 a will transmit a second signal 108 a to one or moreback-end systems 130 that includes at least data representative of thegeolocation of mobile device 102 a and data indicative of the uniqueidentifiers associated with short range transponders 105 a, 305 a, and305 b.

Receiver 109 b will receive first signals 107 b broadcast by the shortrange transponder 105 b carried by asset 106 b; 307 b broadcast by theshort range transponder 305 b carried by asset 306 b; and 307 cbroadcast by the short range transponder 305 c carried by asset 306 c.Transmitter 110 b will transmit a second signal 108 b to one or moreback-end systems 130 that includes at least data indicative of thegeolocation of mobile device 102 b and data indicative of the uniqueidentifiers associated with short range transponders 105 b, 305 b, and305 c.

Since the one or more back-end systems 130 receive second signals 108 aand 108 b containing the unique identifier associated with transponder305 b from both transmitter 110 a and transmitter 110 b, the back-endsystem 130 can determine asset 306 b lies within the area defined by theintersection 212 of the reception range/radii 112 a and 112 b ofreceivers 109 a and 109 b, respectively. Similarly, since the one ormore back-end systems 130 receives second signal 108 a containing theunique identifier associated with transponder 305 a from onlytransceiver 110 a, the back-end system 130 can determine the physicallocation of asset 306 a falls inside of the radius 112 a of receiver 109a but outside of the area defined by the intersection 212 of thereception range or radii 112 a and 112 b of the two transceivers 105 aand 105 b, respectively. Additionally, since the one or more back-endsystems 130 receives second signal 108 b containing the uniqueidentifier associated with transponder 305 c from only transmitter 110b, the back-end system 130 can determine the physical location of asset306 c falls inside of the radius 112 b of receiver 109 b but outside ofthe area defined by the intersection 212 of the reception range/radii112 a and 112 b of the two receivers 109 a and 109 b, respectively.

FIG. 3C depicts four mobile devices 102 a, 102 b, 102 c, and 102 dpositioned at geolocations 104 a, 104 b, 104 c, and 104 d, respectively.Mobile device 102 a carries asset 106 a; mobile device 102 b carriesasset 106 b; mobile device 102 c carries asset 106 c; and mobile device102 d carries asset 106 d. The reception ranges/radii 112 a and 112 d ofreceivers 109 a and 109 d define an area of intersection 220. Thereception ranges/radii 112 a, 112 b, 112 c, and 112 d of receivers 109a, 109 b, 109 c, and 109 d, respectively, define an area of intersection230.

Asset 306 a is not carried by a mobile device 102 and is located in thearea of intersection 230 of reception ranges/radii 112 a, 112 b, 112 c,and 112 d of receivers 109 a, 109 b, 109 c, and 109 d, respectively.Consequently, each of transmitters 110 a, 110 b, 110 c, and 110 dgenerates and transmits a respective second signal 108 a, 108 b, 108 c,and 108 d to one or more back-end systems 130 that includes at leastdata representative of the geolocation 104 a, 104 b, 104 c, and 104 d ofrespective mobile devices 102 a, 102 b, 102 c, and 102 d as well as dataindicative of the unique identifier assigned to transponder 305 acarried by asset 306 a. Since the one or more back-end systems 130receive the unique identifier associated with transponder 305 a fromeach of transmitters 110 a, 110 b, 110 c, and 110 d, the one or moreback-end systems 130 can determine asset 306 a lies within the areadefining the intersection 230 of the respective reception ranges/radii112 a, 112 b, 112 c, and 112 d of receivers 109 a, 109 b, 109 c, and 109d.

Asset 306 b is not carried by a mobile device 102 and is located in thearea of intersection 220 of reception ranges/radii 112 a and 112 d ofreceivers 109 a and 109 d, respectively. Consequently, each oftransmitters 110 a and 110 d generates and transmit a respective secondsignal 108 a and 108 d to one or more back-end systems 130 that includesat least data representative of the geolocation 104 a and 104 d ofrespective mobile devices 102 a and 102 d as well as data indicative ofthe unique identifier assigned to transponder 305 b carried by asset 306b. Since the one or more back-end systems 130 receives the uniqueidentifier associated with transponder 305 b from each of transmitters110 a and 110 d, the one or more back-end systems 130 can determineasset 306 b lies within the area defined by the intersection 220 of therespective reception ranges/radii 112 a and 112 d of receivers 109 a and109 d.

FIG. 4 shows a high level flow diagram 400 of an illustrative assettracking method, according to an embodiment. At times, some or all of anumber of mobile devices 102, such as a number of electrically poweredscooters, carry assets 106, such as secondary portable electric energystorage devices. In some instances, the portable electric energy storagedevices are freely exchangeable between some or all of the electricallypowered scooters. Each of the assets 106 carries a short rangetransponder 105 that broadcasts a respective first signal 107 thatincludes data indicative of an identifier unique to the asset 106. Someor all of the mobile devices 102 includes a receiver 109 to receive theRF signals 107 broadcast by short range transponders 105 located withinthe reception range/radius 112 of the receiver. Some or all of themobile devices 102 also include a transmitter 110 that transmits asecond signal 108 to at least one back-end system 130. The second signal108 includes data representative of the geolocation of the mobile device102 carrying the respective transmitter 110 as well as an aggregatedlist of unique asset identifiers received from short range transponders105 carried by assets 106 located within the reception range/radius ofthe receiver 109 carried by the respective mobile device 102. The backend system 130 uses the geolocation information and unique identifiersto identify the locations of some or all of the assets 106. The assettracking method 400 commences at 402.

At 404, each of a number receivers 109 a-109 n carried by a respectivenumber of mobile devices 102 a-109 n receives a number of first signalsbroadcast by short range transponders 105 a-105 n carried by arespective number of assets 106 a-106 n. The first signal 107 broadcastby each of the short range transponders 105 includes data indicative ofa unique identifier that uniquely identifies the particular transponder105 x that generated and broadcast the first signal 107 x.

At 406, a controller 202 or transmitter 110 on each of at least some ofthe mobile devices 102 aggregates the unique identifiers received by thereceiver 109 carried by the respective mobile device 102 at 404. Theunique identifiers aggregated by the controller or transmitter 110 areindicative of the assets 106 that lay within the reception range/radius112 of the receiver 109 carried by the respective mobile device 102.

At 408, the transmitter 110 on each of at least some of the mobiledevices 102 generates a second signal 108, which includes datarepresentative of the geolocation of the respective mobile device 102and data indicative of the aggregated unique identifiers included in thefirst signals 107 received by the receiver 109 on the respective mobiledevice 102. The second signal 108 is transmitted to one or more back-endsystems 130 via one or more networks 120, for example by a GSM, CDMA,3G, 4G, or LTE cellular network. The method concludes at 410.

FIG. 5 shows a high level flow diagram 500 of an illustrative assettracking method including a back-end system 130 determining the locationof assets 106 using on information received in second signals 108transmitted by a number of transmitters 110 carried by a respectivenumber of mobile devices 102, according to an embodiment. The receptionrange/radius 112 of the receivers 109 carried by each of a number ofmobile devices 102 is a defined value (e.g., 100 meters, 250 meters, 500meters). Based on the geolocation of each mobile device 102; the range112 of the receiver carried by each mobile device 102; and the uniqueidentifiers for each asset 106, the back-end system 130 determinesgeographic areas in which each asset 106 is located. In the event morethan one transmitter 110 transmits a second signal 108 including thesame unique identifier, the location for the respective asset 106 can bedetermined with greater accuracy. The method 500 commences at 502.

At 504, the back-end system 130 receives the second signals 108 (e.g.,the RF signals 108) transmitted by a number of transmitters 110. Each ofthe received RF signals 108 includes data indicative of the geolocationof the mobile device 102 carrying the transmitter 110 from which therespective RF signal 108 originated. Each of the received RF signals 108also includes data indicative of the unique identifier associated witheach of the first signals 107 (e.g., the RF broadcast signals 107)received by the receiver carried by the respective mobile device 102.

At 506, the back-end system 130 determines a geographic area containingeach of the assets 106 associated with the received unique identifiers.The method 500 concludes at 508.

FIG. 6 shows a high level flow diagram 600 of an illustrative assetlocating method including a back-end system 130 receiving a user inputthat includes a unique asset identifier associated with a particularasset 106 and determining the location of the particular asset 106 usinggeolocation and unique identifiers included in the second signals 108received by the back-end system 130 from a number of mobile devices 102,according to an embodiment. The back-end system 130 can be used tolocate lost, stolen, or misplaced assets 106. Advantageously, since alarge network of mobile devices 102 will travel throughout a geographicarea, and since the short range transponder 105 on each asset willbroadcast the first signal 107 regardless of whether the asset 106 iscarried by a mobile device 102, detection of assets 106 using a networkof mobile devices 102 is both rapid and effective regardless of thelocation of the asset 106. The method 600 commences at 602.

At 604, the back-end system 130 receives a user input that includes atleast one unique identifier associated with a particular asset 106. Theuser input may be received locally at the back-end system 130 (e.g., viakeyboard or similar input device) or remotely at the back end system 130(e.g., transmitted as an electronic signal from a mobile or stationaryclient device to the back-end system host server).

At 606, the back-end system 130 determines a geographic area in whichthe particular asset 106 was last reported. At times, the back-endsystem 130 can determine the location of the particular asset 106 basedon the most recently received geolocations 104 of mobile devices 102transmitting second signals 108 that include the unique identifierassociated with the particular asset 106. At other times, the back-endsystem 130 can poll some or all of the network of mobile devices 102requesting those mobile devices 102 that received a first signal 107that includes the unique identifier associated with the particular asset106 to transmit a second signal 108 that includes the geolocation 104 ofthe respective mobile device 102 and the unique identifier associatedwith the particular asset 106. The method 600 concludes at 608.

The various methods described herein may include additional acts, omitsome acts, and/or may perform the acts in a different order than set outin the various flow diagrams.

The foregoing detailed description has set forth various embodiments ofthe devices and/or processes via the use of block diagrams, schematics,and examples. Insofar as such block diagrams, schematics, and examplescontain one or more functions and/or operations, it will be understoodby those skilled in the art that each function and/or operation withinsuch block diagrams, flowcharts, or examples can be implemented,individually and/or collectively, by a wide range of hardware, software,firmware, or virtually any combination thereof. In one embodiment, thepresent subject matter may be implemented via one or moremicrocontrollers. However, those skilled in the art will recognize thatthe embodiments disclosed herein, in whole or in part, can beequivalently implemented in standard integrated circuits (e.g.,Application Specific Integrated Circuits or ASICs), as one or morecomputer programs executed by one or more computers (e.g., as one ormore programs running on one or more computer systems), as one or moreprograms executed by on one or more controllers (e.g., microcontrollers)as one or more programs executed by one or more processors (e.g.,microprocessors), as firmware, or as virtually any combination thereof,and that designing the circuitry and/or writing the code for thesoftware and/or firmware would be well within the skill of one ofordinary skill in the art in light of the teachings of this disclosure.

When logic is implemented as software and stored in memory, logic orinformation can be stored on any non-transitory computer-readable mediumfor use by or in connection with any processor-related system or method.In the context of this disclosure, a memory is a nontransitory computer-or processor-readable storage medium that is an electronic, magnetic,optical, or other physical device or means that non-transitorilycontains or stores a computer and/or processor program. Logic and/or theinformation can be embodied in any computer-readable medium for use byor in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, ordevice, such as a computer-based system, processor-containing system, orother system that can fetch the instructions from the instructionexecution system, apparatus, or device and execute the instructionsassociated with logic and/or information.

In the context of this specification, a “computer-readable medium” canbe any physical element that can store the program associated with logicand/or information for use by or in connection with the instructionexecution system, apparatus, and/or device. The computer-readable mediumcan be, for example, but is not limited to, an electronic, magnetic,optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatusor device. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of thecomputer readable medium would include the following: a portablecomputer diskette (magnetic, compact flash card, secure digital, or thelike), a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), anerasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM, EEPROM, or Flash memory),a portable compact disc read-only memory (CDROM), and digital tape.

The various embodiments described above can be combined to providefurther embodiments. To the extent that they are not inconsistent withthe specific teachings and definitions herein, all of the U.S. patents,U.S. patent application publications, U.S. patent applications, foreignpatents, foreign patent applications and non-patent publicationsreferred to in this specification and/or listed in the Application DataSheet, including but not limited to: U.S. provisional patent applicationSer. No. 61/601,949, entitled “APPARATUS, METHOD AND ARTICLE FORPROVIDING LOCATIONS OF POWER STORAGE DEVICE COLLECTION, CHARGING ANDDISTRIBUTION MACHINES” and filed Feb. 22, 2012; U.S. provisional patentapplication Ser. No. 61/511,900, entitled “APPARATUS, METHOD AND ARTICLEFOR COLLECTION, CHARGING AND DISTRIBUTING POWER STORAGE DEVICES, SUCH ASBATTERIES” and filed Jul. 26, 2011; U.S. provisional patent applicationSer. No. 61/511,887, entitled “THERMAL MANAGEMENT OF COMPONENTS INELECTRIC MOTOR DRIVE VEHICLES” and filed Jul. 26, 2011 and U.S.provisional patent application Ser. No. 61/511,880, entitled“DYNAMICALLY LIMITING VEHICLE OPERATION FOR BEST EFFORT ECONOMY” andfiled Jul. 26, 2011; are incorporated herein by reference, in theirentirety. Aspects of the embodiments can be modified, if necessary, toemploy systems, circuits and concepts of the various patents,applications and publications to provide yet further embodiments.

While generally discussed in the environment and context of collectionand distribution of portable electrical energy storage devices for usewith personal transportation vehicle such as all-electric scootersand/or motorbikes, the teachings herein can be applied in a wide varietyof other environments, including other vehicular as well asnon-vehicular environments.

The above description of illustrated embodiments, including what isdescribed in the Abstract of the Disclosure, is not intended to beexhaustive or to limit the embodiments to the precise forms disclosed.Although specific embodiments and examples are described herein forillustrative purposes, various equivalent modifications can be madewithout departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure, as willbe recognized by those skilled in the relevant art.

These and other changes can be made to the embodiments in light of theabove-detailed description. In general, in the following claims, theterms used should not be construed to limit the claims to the specificembodiments disclosed in the specification and the claims, but should beconstrued to include all possible embodiments along with the full scopeof equivalents to which such claims are entitled. Accordingly, theclaims are not limited by the disclosure.

We claim:
 1. An asset tracking system, the system comprising: aplurality of assets to be tracked, each of the assets having a uniqueidentifier associated therewith and an transmitter that broadcasts afirst signal including data representative of the respective uniqueidentifier assigned to the respective asset; a plurality of mobiledevices, each of the mobile devices capable of carrying at least one ofthe plurality of assets; wherein each of the plurality of assets isfreely exchangeable between at least two of the plurality of mobiledevices; wherein each of at least a number of the plurality of mobiledevices includes a receiver to receive and an aggregator to aggregate anumber of first signals broadcast by each of a respective number ofassets; and wherein each of the number of the plurality of mobiledevices transmits a respective second signal that includes datarepresentative of a geolocation of the respective mobile device and datarepresentative of the aggregated number of first signals received by therespective mobile device from each of the respective number of assets;wherein each of the plurality of assets comprises a portable electricalenergy storage device; and wherein the plurality of mobile devicescomprises a plurality of electrically driven vehicles using at least oneprotable electrical energy storage device to provide energy to at leastone electric motor.
 2. The asset tracking system of claim 1, furthercomprising: a back-end system including at least one communicationsinterface to receive the second signal broadcast by each of the numberof the plurality of mobile devices; at least one processor communicablycoupled to the at least one communications interface; and anontransitory storage media communicably coupled to the at least oneprocessor, the nontransitory storage media including instructions that,when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least oneprocessor to: determine a location of each of at least some of theplurality of assets using a number of second signals, each transmittedby a respective one of the number of mobile devices, the location ofeach of at least some of the plurality of assets determined based atleast in part on data representative of the geolocation information andthe data representative of the aggregated number of first signals ineach of the number of received second signals.
 3. The asset trackingsystem of claim 2 wherein the instructions further cause the at leastone processor to: receive, via an input device communicably coupled tothe back end system, a unique identifier associated with a particularasset; poll a number of mobile devices to broadcast a second signal thatincludes data representative of the geolocation of the respective mobiledevice and data representative of the aggregated number of first signalsreceived by the respective mobile device from each of the respectivenumber of assets; and determine a geographic area in which theparticular asset is physically present.
 4. The asset tracking system ofclaim 2 wherein the instructions further cause the at least oneprocessor to: receive, via an input device communicably coupled to theback end system, a unique identifier associated with a particular asset;and determine a location of the particular asset using the number ofreceived second signals and based at least in part on datarepresentative of the geolocation information and the datarepresentative of the aggregated number of first signals in each of thenumber of received second signals.
 5. The asset tracking system of claim1 wherein each of the number of the plurality of mobile devicesaggregates, from time-to-time, the number of first signals broadcast byeach of the respective number of assets; and wherein each of theplurality of mobile devices transmits a respective second signal thatincludes data representative of a geolocation of the respective mobiledevice and data representative of the aggregated number of first signalsreceived by the respective mobile device from each of the respectivenumber of assets only when a new first signal is detected by the atleast one controller.
 6. The asset tracking system of claim 1 whereineach of the number of the plurality of mobile devices aggregates, fromtime-to-time, the number of first signals broadcast by each of therespective number of assets; and wherein each of the plurality of mobiledevices transmits a respective second signal that includes datarepresentative of a geolocation of the respective mobile device and datarepresentative of the aggregated number of first signals received by therespective mobile device from each of the respective number of assetsonly when a loss of an existing first signal is detected by the at leastone controller.
 7. An asset tracking method, the method comprising:receiving a number of first signals at each of a number of receiversphysically coupled to a respective number of mobile devices, each of thefirst signals broadcast by a respective one of a plurality oftransmitters that are physically coupled to a respective one of aplurality of assets, each of the first signals including datarepresentative of a unique asset identifier; aggregating each of theunique asset identifiers included in each of the received number offirst signals by at least one controller physically coupled to each ofthe number of mobile devices and communicably coupled to each of thenumber of receivers; and transmitting a second signal by each of thenumber of mobile devices, each of the second signals including datarepresentative of a geolocation of the respective mobile device and dataindicative of the aggregated unique asset identifiers received as afirst signal by the mobile device; wherein each of the plurality ofassets is freely exchangeable between at least two of the number ofmobile devices; wherein each of the plurality of assets comprises aportable electrical energy storage device; and wherein the number ofmobile devices comprise a plurality of electrically driven vehiclesusing at least one portable electrical energy storage device to provideenergy to at least one electric motor.
 8. The asset tracking method ofclaim 7, further comprising: receiving at a back end system, the numberof second signals; and determining by the back end system a geographicarea in which each of the plurality of assets is located using the datarepresentative of the geolocation of each of the number of mobiledevices included in each of the number of received second signals andthe data representative of the aggregated unique asset identifiersreceived by each of the number of mobile devices in each of the numberof received second signals.
 9. The asset tracking method of claim 7wherein broadcasting a second signal by each of the number of mobiledevices comprises: transmitting a second signal by each of the number ofmobile devices only when a new first signal is detected by the at leastone controller physically coupled to the respective mobile device. 10.The asset tracking method of claim 7 wherein broadcasting a secondsignal by each of the number of mobile devices comprises: transmitting asecond signal by each of the number of mobile devices only when a lossof a first signal is detected by the at least one controller physicallycoupled to the respective mobile device.
 11. The asset tracking methodof claim 7, further comprising: receiving, via an input devicecommunicably coupled to the back end system, data representative of aunique identifier associated with a particular asset; polling, by theback end system, a number of mobile devices to broadcast a second signalthat includes data representative of the geolocation of the respectivemobile device and data representative of the aggregated number of firstsignals received by the respective mobile device from each of therespective number of assets; and determining, by the back end system, ageographic area in which the particular asset is physically present. 12.The asset tracking method of claim 7, further comprising: receiving, viaan input device communicably coupled to the back end system, datarepresentative of a unique identifier associated with a particularasset; and determining, by the back end system, a location of theparticular asset using the number of received second signals and basedat least in part on data representative of the geolocation informationand the data representative of the aggregated number of first signals ineach of the number of received second signals.